New tech allows cows’ weights to be monitored from space

SYDNEY: Australian farmers managing cattle stations as large as some European nations will soon be able to monitor their cows and pastures from space as part of ‘groundbreaking’ technology, scientists say.

The technology, developed with government and private funding, taps into a satellite passing overhead to record the weights of herds daily while monitoring pasture conditions — a task traditionally impossible due to the stations’ vast sizes and harsh, remote locations.

Some stations, such as Newcastle Waters in the Northern Territory, span 10,000 square kilometres — an area larger than Cyprus — and home to 55,000 cattle.

Australia is one of the world’s largest beef exporters.

“There’s just a huge labour component and time that goes into collecting that data (of weight and pastoral conditions), which is essentially why producers don’t do it on a more regular basis,” Sally Leigo from the Northern Territory’s primary industry department, the project’s research leader, told AFP yesterday.

On average, cattle are only weighed 1.5 times a year and only two percent of pasture is regularly viewed, the Cooperative Research Centre for Remote Economic Participation, the private-public funded organisation that developed the tool, estimates.

The technology exploits the stations’ semi-arid conditions, which means there is little access to surface water with cattle having to walk to man-made watering points each day.

A weighing platform that the cows — which each have an electronic tag — must step on is placed at the watering points and powered by solar panels, with the data fed to a satellite and then to a station manager’s computer.

The satellite also monitors pastures every 250 metres, allowing farmers to determine when cattle must be moved to the next paddock.

“The global demand for beef is booming at the moment,” said Murray Grey, whose family has for three decades run the remote West Australian 1,970-square-kilometre Glenflorrie station, one of the five taking part in the trial before a public showing next week.

“We’ve haven’t got the room … to breed more cows, but we have got the room to make the cows that we have got produce more efficiently.

“Ultimately, it’s getting that animal to market quicker,” Grey added, saying the technology would boost efficiencies in the lucrative business, such as cutting costs and lifting revenue, by 25 to 40 percent.

While farmers traditionally look for a visual change in a herd to determine when they are losing weight and their feed needs to be refreshed, the technology will allow them to monitor this almost instantaneously.

“There’s a lot of systems still in place on pastoral stations that haven’t changed in over 100 years … and it’s great for our industry to finally be in pace with the technological world,” Grey said.

Leigo said she was hopeful the technology would become commercially available to cattle stations worldwide by 2017. — AFP

Read more: http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/10/23/new-tech-allows-cows-weights-to-be-monitored-from-space/#ixzz3pN6IpfDm

Cattle population under control at councillor’s farm

SERIAN: State Councillor Sunny Kon who rears Bali cattle has to impose some control to prevent them multiplying too fast as there would not be enough room to roam.

Kon said there were over 100 heads of Bali cattle on his 10-acre farm.

“Without some control, the population could have easily increased quite a lot because as we all know Bali cattle multiply faster. I need to impose some control on reproduction because of the limited space available,” he said.

He disclosed this when briefing a delegation from Terengganu Veterinary Department which made a study tour to his farm here yesterday.

According to Kon, he started breeding Bali cattle also known as ‘banteng’ or ‘tembadau’ about 10 years ago with only eight heads and within that period the number had multiplied more than 10-fold.

“I have not sold any of them. My plan is to breed as many as possible first and pass down the breed to others interested in the future.

“Bali cattle bred well in Serian. The problem is that the land I am using is only about 10 acres for about 100 heads of cattle,” he said.

Kon said he had identified a 200-acre piece of land nearby but at this stage he was still unable to move in as everything, including the infrastructure, was not ready.

“Having that size of land I am confident the population of Bali cattle in the state will expand very fast and one day Sarawak can become a major supplier of Bali cattle calves in this region,” he said.

He said to achieve this vision sooner, the government could come in to assist potential farmers.

Read more: http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/10/21/cattle-population-under-control-at-councillors-farm/#ixzz3pIzrFQO0

Possible to rear wild Bali cattle

SERIAN: A delegation of 10 officers from Terengganu Veterinary Department on a study tour discovered that it’s possible to rear the wild Bali cattle.

Terengganu veterinarian delegation leader Dzulkafli Hamzah said they had heard that Bali cattle could be set free to roam in the wild, not enclosed in farms.

“Some plantation operators in Terengganu had tried to rear Bali cattle as part of integrated farming, but most of them failed.

“The planters would release the cattle on their plantations and allow them to graze and roam freely. As Bali cattle are wild they would forage for food in the jungle and not return,” he said.

He said this was the experience of those trying to rear Bali cattle on oil palm plantations as part of integrated farming.

“After witnessing the successful breeding of Bali cattle in Sarawak, we look forward to learn more to introduce them here,” he said.

Dzulkafli said this when leading the delegation to visit Serian Bali cattle farm owned by Councillor Sunny Kon here yesterday. They were accompanied by a few State Agriculture Department officers and veterinarians.

A senior member of the delegation from Terengganu Shamsudin Mamat said this was the first time he saw such a huge herd of Bali cattle being reared like cows.

“It’s amazing that Bali cattle can be reared like tame species. They don’t seem as wild as we thought,” he said.

He said the government should encourage more people to venture into Bali cattle breeding and rearing, with a ready model available.

“I’m sure councillor Sunny (Kon) is more than willing to share his experience with those serious about running the business,” he said.

He said the meat of Bali cattle was softer than normal cows – similar to deer, some claim.

The delegation comprising mostly retiring officers was brought to Kon’s farm for an educational visit.

“We hope to learn about Bali cattle breeding and rearing. And if time permits, return with some calves to Terengganu,” Samsudin said in jest.

On their arrival at the farm yesterday the delegation was briefed by Samarahan assistant veterinary officer (AVO) Parag Kaweh.

Those attending the briefing included state veterinarian Dr Nicholas Jenek, Serian district senior assistant agriculture officer (SAAO) Tedwin Beti, Kon and a few local businessmen.

Read more: http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/10/21/possible-to-rear-wild-bali-cattle/#ixzz3p9ixfsFG

Possible to rear wild Bali cattle

SERIAN: A delegation of 10 officers from Terengganu Veterinary Department on a study tour discovered that it’s possible to rear the wild Bali cattle.

Terengganu veterinarian delegation leader Dzulkafli Hamzah said they had heard that Bali cattle could be set free to roam in the wild, not enclosed in farms.

“Some plantation operators in Terengganu had tried to rear Bali cattle as part of integrated farming, but most of them failed.

“The planters would release the cattle on their plantations and allow them to graze and roam freely. As Bali cattle are wild they would forage for food in the jungle and not return,” he said.

He said this was the experience of those trying to rear Bali cattle on oil palm plantations as part of integrated farming.

“After witnessing the successful breeding of Bali cattle in Sarawak, we look forward to learn more to introduce them here,” he said.

Dzulkafli said this when leading the delegation to visit Serian Bali cattle farm owned by Councillor Sunny Kon here yesterday. They were accompanied by a few State Agriculture Department officers and veterinarians.

A senior member of the delegation from Terengganu Shamsudin Mamat said this was the first time he saw such a huge herd of Bali cattle being reared like cows.

“It’s amazing that Bali cattle can be reared like tame species. They don’t seem as wild as we thought,” he said.

He said the government should encourage more people to venture into Bali cattle breeding and rearing, with a ready model available.

“I’m sure councillor Sunny (Kon) is more than willing to share his experience with those serious about running the business,” he said.

He said the meat of Bali cattle was softer than normal cows – similar to deer, some claim.

The delegation comprising mostly retiring officers was brought to Kon’s farm for an educational visit.

“We hope to learn about Bali cattle breeding and rearing. And if time permits, return with some calves to Terengganu,” Samsudin said in jest.

On their arrival at the farm yesterday the delegation was briefed by Samarahan assistant veterinary officer (AVO) Parag Kaweh.

Those attending the briefing included state veterinarian Dr Nicholas Jenek, Serian district senior assistant agriculture officer (SAAO) Tedwin Beti, Kon and a few local businessmen.

Read more: http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/10/21/possible-to-rear-wild-bali-cattle/#ixzz3p9bAhefc

Cattle Feedlot for Korban

Prior to entering a feedlot, cattle spend most of their life grazing on rangelandor on immature fields of grain such as green wheat pasture. Once cattle obtain an entry-level weight, about 650 to 700 pounds (300 kg), they are transferred to a feedlot to be fed a specialized animal feed which consists of corn, corn byproducts (some of which is derived from ethanol and high fructose corn syrup production), milo, barley, and other grains as well as roughage which may consist of alfalfa, corn stalks, sorghum, or other hay, cottonseed meal, and premixes composed of microingredients such as vitamins, minerals, chemical preservatives,antibiotics, fermentation products, and other essential ingredients that are purchased from premix companies, usually in sacked form, for blending into commercial rations. Because of the availability of these products, a farmer who uses his own grain can formulate his own rations and be assured his animals are getting the recommended levels of minerals and vitamins.^[6] In the American northwest and Canada, barley, low grade durum wheat, chick peas (garbanzo beans), oats and occasionally potatoes are used as feed.^{[citation needed]}

In a typical feedlot, a cow's diet is roughly 62% roughage, 31% grain, 5% supplements (minerals and vitamins), and 2% premix. High-grain diets lower the pH in the animals' rumen. Due to the stressors of these conditions, and due to some illnesses, it may be necessary to give the animals antibiotics on occasion. ^[7]

Feedlot diets are high in protein, to encourage growth of muscle mass and the deposition of some fat (known asmarbling in butchered meat). The marbling is desirable to consumers, as it contributes to flavor and tenderness. The animal may gain an additional 400 pounds (180 kg) during its approximate 200 days in the feedlot.^{[citation needed]}Once cattle are fattened up to their finished weight, the fed cattle are transported to a slaughterhouse.

Cattle Integration with Oil Palm Plantation

Veterinary Division, Department of Agriculture identified the need to integrate cattle-rearing, representing the upstream segment of beef production, with the downstream, production segment. Following this, EPP Livestock: Full Value Chain was developed to incentivise downstream players to move upstream and vice versa through collaboration with players under EPP 5: Expansion of Cattle Integration with Oil Palm.

In Sarawak, this Programme targets the integration of 50,000 more heads of cattle in more than 1.5 million hectars of palm oil plantations in order to meet it 50% self sufficiency level by 2030. 

Murrah Buffalo at Batu Danau

Batu Danau Murrah Buffalo Station in Limbang housed more than 50 Murrah Buffalo. 

Swamp Buffalo at Maragang

Maragang Buffalo Station housed more than 300 heads of Swamp Buffalo in Lawas, Sarawak

BALI CATTLE

 Bali cattle are indigenous to Indonesia and were domesticated directly from wild banteng (Bos javanicus syn. Bos sondaicus syn. Bibos banteng).

FEMALE	MALE

Origin of Cattle

The origin of Bali cattle, Bos javanicus d’Alton, in Indonesia, is a part of the complex evolution of all cattle over a long time. The earliest known type of wild cattle, Bos acutifrons comes from a part of a fossil found in India (Payne 1970). The wild cattle then developed into to streams: the aurochs (Bos primigenius) that inhabited the forests of Asia, North Africa and Europe; and the urus (Bos namadicus) found in India and other parts of Asia. Most views expressed on the origin of the cattle focus on the auroch as the foundation of most of the cattle species and breeds developed in the world. The auroch, although an ancient cattle type, has survived into historical memory as the last recorded animal was killed in a Polish forest in the seventeenth century. They were large animals with enormous horns, the latter a characteristic found in modern cattle species.

Very little is known of the origin of Bos (Bibos) type cattle in Southeast Asia. The geographical distribution of Bos (Bibos) types of cattle suggests that the centre of domestication was Indo-China and Malaysia, later spreading to Bali. The other centre of domestication was probably Assam-Burma and led to the development of the gayal. Indonesia probably became the centre of Bali cattle domestication some ten to five thousand years ago. The process of domestication probably started in prehistoric times on Bali and Java. There are two types of Bali cattle in Indonesia, a domestic type, called Bali cattle and a wild type named banteng. There are not many wild bantengs left in Indonesia. They are now mainly found in the national parks such as Ujung Kulon and Baluran.

The uniqueness of Bali cattle

Bali cattle are different from all other species of cattle as results of their origin and evolution. They will crossbreed with European cattle, Bos Taurus, but the male offspring as reported by Jellinek et al. (1980), is usually infertile. Bali cattle do have some distinct characteristics which have made them the cattle breed of choice in many parts of Indonesia. Difference between Bali cattle and Bos Taurus and Bos indicus may influence their responses to physiological and pathological events such Jembrana diseaseand may explain the variation seen in the susceptibility observed in the field. Some of the unique differences of Bali cattle from other cattle which make them valuable assets in Indonesia are:

 

Size	Smaller than Zebu and European cattle
Colour	Strickingly uniform markings
Behaviour	Timid and can become wild readily
Reproduction	High conception rates
Lactation	Ability to stop lactating and survive a bad dry season
Feed utilization	Better able to utilize low quality feed base
Heat tolerance	Better heat tolerance than buffalo and other cattle
Water turnover	Lower water turnover than Bos Taurus
Meat quality	Marked fat deposition sites and limited fat in muscle mass
Disease pattern	Stated to be resistant to external and internal parasites except liver fluke,Fasciola gigantica. Increased resistance to malignant catarrhal fever and Jembrana disease

Distribution

Bali island is recognized as the main source of pure Bali cattle. From Bali, they spread to other parts of Indonesia, and to Malaysia and Australia. Bali cattle were imported to Lombok island by the ancient monarch and Lombok subsequently became the second source of pure Bali cattle. They were introduced to South Sulawesi in the 1890s and to Java in 1907. They performed satisfactorily in South Sulawesi and Mojoagung, East Java, but unsuccessfully in West Java, due to malignant catarrhal fever, a virus infection carried by sheep. Bali cattle were then introduced to Timor, Sumbawa, the Moluccas, Irian Jaya (Papua), Sumatera and Kalimantan.

Further reading:

Bali cattle : Origins in Indonesia. J.W. Copland. Jembrana Disease and the Bovine Lentiviruses. ACIAR PROCEEDING No 75

Plan to introduce Bali cattle breed to Sabah

SERIAN: Agriculture Department officials from Semporna, Sabah are looking into the possibility of bringing the Bali cattle breed over to their state.

Leading a delegation from the department in Semporna on a study tour of the state, Agriculture Officer (AO) Abd Samat Injau said he was impressed by how well the breed was doing at the Serian Bali cattle farm.

“It’s amazing that the cattle can thrive under local conditions. I’m thinking of introducing this breed to cattle farmers back in Semporna or import them myself,” Abd Samat said. He said cattle rearing in Sabah and Sarawak had great potential though certain breeds cannot survive well under local conditions.

“In Sabah the demand for sacrificial meat during Hari Raya Korban is very high and I think it’s the same in Sarawak. The shortage of supply during this period is the reason cattle can fetch RM5,000 to RM6,000 per head,” Abd Samat said during a visit to the Bali cattle farm owned by Cr Sunny Kon here yesterday.

Briefing the 18-member delegation, Kon said he was ready to share his experience in Bali cattle rearing with anyone interested.

“I started rearing Bali cattle as a hobby about 10 years ago with less than 10 heads, which have multiplied to more than 100 today,” he said. Kon said the species scientifically known as Bos javanicus was easy to rear, as being wild, they could survive on almost anything.

“We just release them to graze by themselves. We don’t provide them with pellets or additional nutrition yet they stay healthy,” he said. Kon has not sold any of the cattle to allow them to multiply.

“My plan is to breed as many as possible before passing down the breed to anyone interested,” he said. However his cattle cannot multiply fast enough as his farm is only 10 acres, otherwise he could have started supplying the species to interested local farmers.

Samarahan Assistant Veterinary Officer Parag Kawah who turned up for the study trip said Kon was the only known successful Bali cattle breeder in the state so far, but Kon’s farm did not have enough space to speed up growth of the herd.

Parag would like to make recommendations to the Agriculture Ministry to encourage Bali cattle breeding so the state would not be overly dependent on imported meat. He said Bali cattle would be the best substitute for imported frozen meat but the state government and local community had to increase the scale of breeding. Bali cattle farms can also become important eco-tourism products.

“I believe many animal lovers would like to visit the farms but proper facilities must be there,” Parag said. Other visitors at the farm yesterday were two Serian District Council (SDC) councillors Senior William Rade and Lawas Musan.

Read more: http://www.theborneopost.com/2015/04/23/plan-to-introduce-bali-cattle-breed-to-sabah/#ixzz3Y5cmzqjs